A software design is an essential engineering description of some software product that is to be established. A design can be determined to the customer's requirements and can be assessed for quality against predefined patterns.
Design specification models
Data design - designed by transforming the analysis data model (data dictionary and ERD) into data structures needed to execute the software.
Architectural design - describes the relationships among the significant structural elements of the software, it is obtained from the system specification, the analysis model, and the subsystem interactions defined in the analysis model (DFD)
Interface design - it defines how the software elements interact with each other, with other systems, and with human users, the data flow and control flow diagrams give much the essential data.
Component level design - generated by transforming the structural elements represented by the software architecture interprocedural descriptions of software components using data obtained from the PSPEC, CSPEC, and STD.
The design process and design quality
Three features that serve as a guide for the evaluation of a good design (goal of a design process)
Quality guidelines
Characteristics of a good design
design concept Fundamentals
Abstraction
Resolving a problem without being concerned about each element of lower-level specifications. At the most important level of consideration, a solution is stated in broad using the language of the problem conditions. At a lower level of thinking, a more procedural orientation is taken.
There are three different abstractions:
Procedural abstraction - named sequence of events, (e.g open for a door. Open implies a long sequence of procedural steps, like walk to the door, reach out, turn the knob and pull door, step away from moving door, etc.,)
Data abstraction - It named set of data objects (e,g., door contains a set of attributes that specify door, like door type, swing direction, opening tool, weight, dimensions)
Control abstraction - implies a program control mechanism without specifying internal details.
Modularity
Software Architecture and design patterns include modularity, that is, the software is broken into separately named and addressable components, sometimes called modules, that are combined to meet problem requirements
Modular design method evaluation criteria
Modular decomposability - provides a systematic means for breaking the problem into subproblems.
Modular composability - encourages reuse of existing modules in new methods
Modular understandability - module can be assumed as a standalone Organization.
Modular continuity - side effects due to module changes minimized
modular protection - side effects due to processing errors minimized
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